![]() 31 pairs spinal nerves and 12 cranial nerves Weaker in medulla (lets some toxins past - vomiting) Somatic Nervous System - part of the PNS that is responsible for body's interaction with the external environment Active transport for others (glucose) (energetic, protein-mediated) Passive transport: small, uncharged (O2, CO2), and fat-soluble molecules protects brain from infection (brain lacks body's immune system and cellular regeneration) neural functioning depends on regulation of chemistry of intra- and extra-cellular fluids helps cushion and support (float) jellylike brain, protect spinal cord, and provide a reservoir of hormones and nutrition Blood-Brain Barrier -semi-permeable barrier, controls what chemicals enter brain, created by closing gaps between capillaries' endothelial cells drawn into subarachnoid space of meninges and central canal of spine Brain is under 2% body weight but uses 20% of body's continuous blood supply Cerebral Spinal Fluid -fluid, produced by ventricles, found within spinal cord and in covering around CNS Hydrocephalus (water on brain):flow from ventricles blocked, may be surgically drained Blood Vessels -Complex web of arteries (incoming) and veins (outgoing) that feed (glucose) and cleanse brain CSF drain into subarachnoid space of meninges and central canal of spine 2 lateral and 3rd ventricles in forebrain, cerebral aqueduct in midbrain, 4th ventricle in hindbrain Meningitis: inflammation of meninges Ventricles - four hollow chambers (plus aqueducts) in brain that produce the cerebral spinal fluid that feeds, cleans, and cushions brain Pia Mater (pious mother): pliant inner layer, conforms to brain and spine surface, includes blood vessels Arachnoid Mater (spider mother): spiderweb-like layer (subarachnoid space filled with CSF) Dura Mater (tough mother): thick outer layer immediately under the bone Note: for sense organs and muscles in the head, cranial nerves of PNS serve this function Grey Matter area of the spinal cord (center) consisting of soma and dendrites, including inter-neurons White Matter area of the spinal cord consisting of myelinated axons, ascending and descending tracks to/from brain, surrounded by grey matter Central Canal tube through core of spinal cord containing fluid (cerebral spinal fluid) Meninges - three-layered protective covering that surrounds CNS Sensory in via dorsal root, motor out via ventral root Learn it here and you won’t have to relearn it later.Hippocampus ("seahorse") Part of limbic system, involved in memory formation and spatial mapping Amygdala ("almond") Part of limbic system (at end of hippocampus), involved in anger/fear and recognizing emotions in others Cingulate Gyrus Part of limbic system, "re-entrant" layer (just under cortex) between cortex and lower systems, for +/- evaluation Cerebral Cortex ("bark") Outermost forebrain structure, 6 layered, highly convoluted (gyri/bulges and sucli/folds)Ĥ lobes, central sulcus divides parietal from frontal, lateral sulcus divides frontal from temporal Bell-Magendie Law Governs directions of info flow in/out of the spinal cord This class really helps in a lot of upper divs. It sounds like a lot, but break it up so you don’t overwhelm yourself and you’ll be fine. Honestly I went from getting a C on the first midterm to doing this method on the second and got a strong A. Once you learn the terms, the lecture notes help you to just connect all of the terms together. This is where the lecture notes come to be a massive help. There will be a lot of fill in the blank type stuff on the exams so you’ll need to know how they work together. Lastly, the terms are kind of useless without knowing how they work together in a system. Again, break them into chunks so you don’t start by trying to learn them all at once. At the very least you should know every single one of those terms inside and out, this just comes from repetition, that’s it. Second, as the other commenter said, KNOW THE QUIZLET. This helped me from feeling overwhelmed with a whole midterms worth of material. I would then study one lecture a day and study it until I knew it in its entirety. First, count how many Lectures there are before the each midterm, and start that many days before. Honestly, I am horrible at memorizing and I hate it, but I managed to get through that class through a few key steps.
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